
Dark patterns manipulate user interfaces to influence decision-making, often leading to detrimental consequences3. They can cause a loss of trust and user frustration, as well as impede informed decision-making. By exploiting cognitive biases and lack of user attention, dark patterns guide users towards actions that may not be in their best interest, ultimately harming both individual users and society in general.

Dark patterns influence user choices by exploiting cognitive biases and manipulating UI designs, leading users to make decisions against their interests. This harms platform trust as users feel deceived, causing a decline in user satisfaction, loyalty, and overall brand reputation.

X's blue checkmarks involve the dark pattern of "deceptive verification." By allowing anyone to purchase a blue checkmark, X misleads users into believing certain accounts are more trustworthy or authentic than they actually are, undermining the original purpose of verification as a reliable indicator of an account's legitimacy.