The data link between the LHC and The Netherlands reached speeds of 800 gigabits per second (Gbps), which is more than 11,000 times the average UK home broadband speed. This was achieved to improve scientists' access to the results of LHC experiments.
Japanese researchers achieved a 22.9 Pbps speed by utilizing Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) with over 100 spatial channels and a 38-core, three-mode cable, where each core could transfer between 0.3 and 0.7 Pb/s. They combined this with multi-band Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, resulting in a major advancement in data transmission technology.
Transmitting light over 1,650km presented challenges such as maintaining the power levels of the light as it decreases over distance, requiring amplification at various locations. Additionally, the experiment had to work within a limited time frame due to the availability of the specialized Nokia transponder equipment.